Corruption in public administration: a study on correlation between corruption, quality of democracy, governance, income inequality and unemployment in the world (2008-2012)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21501/22161201.1340Keywords:
Corruption, Governance, Social Inequality, UnemploymentAbstract
In recent decades, the quantitative study of corruption has grown opening unprecedented paths for social research. This paper stablishes a transnational comparison on the perception of corruption in public office from 2008 to 2012 and works with three hypotheses: 1) corruption is more prevalent in countries with less democratic quality; 2) all governance indicators exert any effect on corruption; 3) inequality is a major predictor of the corruption levels, even more than unemployment. To test these hypothetical details Democracy Ranking of the Quality of Democracy, Corruption Perception Index, Worldwide Governance Indicators, data from the World Development Indicators and World Bank, these data calculate the global level of unemployment and the Gini index, which measures the inequality in purchasing power and income were used. The results show that the first two hypotheses are adherent, as they are highly negative in correlation between corruption in the public service and quality of democracy , in addition to the six governance indicators. The third hypothesis scenario shows a relative adherence because income inequality and unemployment are correlated with corruption in the public functionalism, however, the correlation has a low value of significance indicating that these two factors are just part of a whole between factors that increase the level of corruption.© Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
Downloads
References
Amore, M. D., & Bennedsen, M. (2013). The value of local political connections in a low-corruption environment. Journal of Financial Economics, 110(2), 387-402.
Assane, D., & Chiang, E. P. (2014). Trade, structural reform, and institutions in sub-Saharan Africa. Contemporary Economic Policy, 32(1), 20-29.
Banuri, S., & Eckel, C. (May, 2012). Experiments in culture and corruption: A review. Policy Research Working Papers, 6064. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6064
Barr, A., & Serra, D. (2010). Corruption and culture: An experimental analysis. Journal of Public Economics, 94(11), 862-869.
Bergh, A., & Nilsson, T. (2010). Do liberalization and globalization increase income inequality? European Journal of Political Economy, 26(4), 488-505.
Bernardes de Moraes, T. P. y da Silva Torrecillas, G. L. (junho, 2013). Por uma nova economia política –notas críticas à teoria neoclássica, ao direito económico e à política económica. Uma contribuição epistemológica para os preceitos de administração pública no contexto da globalização contemporânea. Revista Angolana de Sociologia, (11), 51-62. Recuperado de http://www.fat.edu.br/saberjuridico/publicacoes/edicao09/convidados/por-uma-nova-economia-politica.pdf
Bernardes de Moraes, T. P., Santos, R. M. y da Silva Torrecillas, G. L. (2014). Corrupção, democracia e confiança política na América Latina. Revista Eletrônica de Ciência Política, 5(1), 12-29. Recuperado de http://ojs.c3sl.ufpr.br/ojs/index.php/politica/article/view/35514/22907
Bobbio, N. (2001). El futuro de la democracia. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Brei, Z. A. (1996). Corrupção: dificuldades para definição e para um consenso. Revista de Administração Pública, 30(1), 64-77. Recuperado de http://www.spell.org.br/documentos/ver/13326/corrupcao--dificuldades-para-definicao-e-para-um-consenso/i/pt-br
Caiden, G. E., & Caiden, N. J. (1977). Administrative corruption. Public Administration Review, 301-309.
Campbell, D. F. J. (2008). The Basic Concept for the Democracy Ranking of the Quality of Democracy. Vienna: Democracy Ranking. Retrieved from http://www.democracyranking.org/downloads/basic_concept_democracy_ranking_2008_A4.pdf
Carvajal, R. (1999). Large-scale corruption: definition, causes, and cures. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 12(4), 335-353.
Chatterjee, I., & Ray, R. (2014). Crime, corruption and the role of institutions. Indian Growth and Development Review, 7(1), 73-95. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IGDR-11-2011-0040
Courtney, M. B. (April, 2013). Drug Trafficking Related Violence and Corruption Among Specific Populations in Mexico. Honors Theses. Paper 87. Retrieved from http://encompass.eku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1112&context=honors_theses
Goodacre, A. (2007). What would post-autistic trade policy be? Post-Autistic Economics Review, 41, 2-8.
Graeff, P., & Svendsen, G. T. (2013). Trust and corruption: The influence of positive and negative social capital on the economic development in the European Union. Quality & Quantity, 47(5), 2829-2846.
Gurgur, T., & Shah, A. (January, 2005). Localization and corruption: Panacea or Pandora's box? Paper 3486. World Bank Publications. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWBIGOVANTCOR/Resources/Localizationandcorruption.pdf
Johnston, M. (1982). Political Corruption and Public Policy in America. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Jong-Sung, Y., & Khagram, S. (2005). A comparative study of inequality and corruption. American Sociological Review, 70(1), 136-157.
Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (February, 2007). The Worldwide Governance Indicators Project: Answering the Critics. Washington: World Bank Publications. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWBIGOVANTCOR/Resources/1740479-1149112210081/2604389-1167941884942/Answering_Critics.pdf
Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2011). The worldwide governance indicators: methodology and analytical issues. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 3(02), 220-246.
Krambia-Kapardis, M. K. (2014). Perception of political corruption as a function of legislation. Journal of Financial Crime, 21(1), 44-55. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFC-04-2013-0025
Kumar, P. (2012). Conceptualizing Political Corruption In a Democracy: A Contested Domain. Revista Estudos de Política, 1(2), 90-114.
Low, K. C. P. (October, 2012). Are Chinese Societies More Susceptible or Inclined to Corruption? Educational Research, 3(10), 766-772.
Maričić, G. (July, 2013). Corruption and privatization. Annual of the Faculty of Law/Godisnjak Fakulteta Pravnih Nauka, 3(3), 221.
Miller, J. E., & English, W. (2014). Corruption. In Handbook of Global Bioethics (pp. 599-618). Netherlands: Springer.
Okada, K., & Samreth, S. (2012). The effect of foreign aid on corruption: A quantile regression approach. Economics Letters, 115(2), 240-243.
Proskuryakova, L., Abdrakhmanova, G., & Pitlik, H. (January, 2013). Public Sector E-Innovations: E-Government and Its Impact on Corruption. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2206964##
Saha, S., Gounder, R., Campbell, N., & Su, J. J. (April, 2014). Democracy and corruption: a complex relationship. Crime, Law and Social Change, 61(3), 287-308. DOI: 10.1007/s10611-013-9506-2
Saisana, M., & Saltelli, A. (2012). Corruption Perceptions Index 2012, statistical assessment. JRC Scientific and Policy Reports. DOI: 10.2788/69609
Santos, R., Amorim, C., & de Hoyos, A. (2010). Corrupção e Fraude – Princípios Éticos e Pressão Situacional nas Organizações. RISUS. Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. 1(2). Recuperado de http://revistas.pucsp.br/index.php/risus/article/view/4513/3085
Shlapentokh, V. (March, 2013). Corruption, the power of state and big business in Soviet and post-Soviet regimes. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 46(1), 147-158. DOI: doi:10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.12.010
Silva, M. (janeiro-março, 1994). Corrupção: tentativa de uma definição funcional. Revista de Administração Pública, 28(1), 18-23. Recuperado de http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/ojs/index.php/rap/article/view/8381/7155
Sommer, U., Bloom, P. B. N., & Arikan, G. (2013). Does faith limit immorality? The politics of religion and corruption. Democratization, 20(2), 287-309. DOI: 10.1080/13510347.2011.650914
Thomas, M. A., & Meagher, P. (February, 2004). A corruption primer: an overview of concepts in the corruption literature. The IRIS Discussion Papers on Institutions and Development, Paper (04/03). Retrieved from http://anti-corruption.org/pmb321/pmb/opac_css//doc_num.php?explnum_id=127
Torsello, D. (April, 2013). The perception of corruption as social and institutional pressure: A comparative analysis of cultural biases. Human Affairs, 23(2), 160-173. DOI: 10.2478/s13374-013-0117-5
Turner, B. S. (1990). The two faces of sociology: Global or national? Theory, Culture and Society, 7(2-3), 343-358.
Vorster, S. W. (2013). Fighting corruption –a philosophical approach. In die Skriflig/ In Luce Verbi, 47(1), Art. #651. doi:10.4102/ids.v47i1.651
Wang, P., & Shi, Y. N. (October, 2013). Equalization of Basic Public Services in Government Responsibility Inquisition. In International Academic Workshop on Social Science (IAW-SC-13). Atlantis Press.
White, R. (2013). What Counts as Corruption? Social Research: An International Quarterly, 80(4), 1033-1056.
Willaime, J. P. (2011). A favor de uma sociologia transnacional da laicidade na ultramodernidade contemporânea. Civitas-Revista de Ciências Sociais, 11(2), 303-322.
Xenakis, S. (2012). Corruption and organised crime in the UK. In P. Gounev, & V. Ruggiero, (Eds.) Corruption and Organized Crime in Europe: Illegal Partnerships (pp. 189-200). Organizational Crime. Oxford, UK: Routledge.
Yeganeh, H., & Sauers, D. (2013). A Cross-National Investigation into the Effects of Religiosity on the Pervasiveness of Corruption. Journal of East-West Business, 19(3), 155-180. DOI:10.1080/10669868.2012.760027
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
La revista y los textos individuales que en esta se divulgan están protegidos por las leyes de copyright y por los términos y condiciones de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-No Comercial-Sin Derivar 4.0 Internacional.
