Compassion, jealousy and envy: social emotions and cyberbullying among adolescents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21501/22161201.3459Keywords:
Compassion, Jealousy, Envy, Emotions, Cyberbullying.Abstract
Emotions play a fundamental role in the capacity for action of human beings, which is why it is essential to study them in order to understand contemporary social phenomena in which adolescents participate. This research aims to understand the experiences of compassion, jealousy and envy of adolescents involved in cyberbullying situations in the roles of bystanders and aggressors. This is a qualitative design research in which 31 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 (M=15.23, SD=1.6) who participated in cyberbullying situations as bystanders and aggressors were interviewed. The results indicate that compassion takes the form of sadness and anger, especially among cyberbullying bystanders. On the other hand, jealousy is a motive that justifies aggression to others through the Internet, and a way of managing tensions in sex-affective bonds. The use of digital social networks and participation in face-to-face scenarios in which positions are disputed at the academic level, favours the process of social comparison linked to envy that is at the basis of cyberbullying. Finally, this study is an invitation for parents, teachers and state institutions to accompany adolescents in managing their conflicts without face-to-face and online aggressions mediating their interactions.Downloads
References
Ayala, R. (2008). La metodología fenomenológica-hermenéutica en el campo de la investigación educativa. Posibilidades y primeras experiencias. Revista de Investigación Educativa, 26(2), 409-430. https://revistas.um.es/rie/article/view/94001/90621
Baquero, A. y Avendaño, B. (2015). Diseño y análisis psicométrico de un instrumento para detectar presencia de cyberbullying en un contexto escolar. Psychology, Society, & Education, 7(2), 213-226. http://ojs.ual.es/ojs/index.php/psye/article/view/534/512
Bauman, S. (2015). Cyberbullying: What Counselors Need to Know. American Counseling Association.
Blanco-Suárez, M., Gordillo-Rondón, M., Redondo, J. y Luzardo, M. (2017). Estilos de crianza que inciden en la presencia de cyberbullying en un colegio público de Bucaramanga. Psicoespacios, 11(18), 56-75. https://doi.org/10.25057/21452776.886
Caetano, A., Freire, I., Simão, A., Veiga, A., Martins, M., & Pessoa, M. (2016). Emoções no cyberbullying: um estudo com adolescentes portugueses. Educação e Pesquisa, 42(1), 199-212. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-9702201603138125
Caravita, S., Colombo, B., Stefanelli, S., & Zigliani, R. (2016). Emotional, Psychophysiological and Behavioral Responses Elicited by the Exposition to Cyberbullying Situations: Two Experimental Studies. Psicología Educativa, 22(1), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pse.2016.02.003
Charoensukmongkol, P. (2017). The Impact of Social Media on Social Comparison and Envy in Teenagers: The Moderating Role of the Parent Comparing Children and In-group Competition among Friends. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(1), 69-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0872-8
Clanton, G. (2016). Jealousy and Envy. In J. Stets & J. Turner (Eds.), Handbook of Sociology of Emotions (pp. 410-442). Springer.
Cohelo, V., & Marchante, M. (2018). Trajectories of Social and Emotional Competencies According to Cyberbullying Roles: A Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(9), 1952-1965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0895-5
Córdoba-Alcaide, F., Del Rey-Alamillo, R., Casas-Bolaños, J. y Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2016). Valoración del alumnado de primaria sobre convivencia escolar: El valor de la red de iguales. Psicoperspectivas, 15(2), 78-89. https://doi.org/10.5027/PSICOPERSPECTIVAS-VOL15-ISSUE2-FULLTEXT-760
Cortés-Muñoz, M., Zoro-Sutton, B. y Aravena-Castillo, F. (2019). Gestionando la contingencia más que la convivencia: El rol de los encargados de convivencia escolar en Chile. Psicoperspectivas, 18(2). https://www.psicoperspectivas.cl/index.php/psicoperspectivas/article/viewFile/1549/1027
Chóliz, M. y Gómez, C. (2002). Emociones sociales II (enamoramiento, celos, envidia y empatía). En F. Palmero, E. G. Fernández-Abascal, F. Martínez y M. Chóliz (Eds.), Psicología de la motivación y emoción (pp. 395-420). McGraw-Hill.
Deuze, M. (2015). A Call for Compassion in Social Media Studies. Social Media+Society, 1(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115580333
Dhillon, G., & Smith, K. J. (2017). Defining Objectives for Preventing Cyberstalking. Journal of Business Ethics, 157(1), 137-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3697-x
Donoso, T., Rubio, M. y Vilà, R. (2019). Factores asociados a la cibervictimización en adolescentes españoles de 12-14 años. Health and Addictions, 19(1), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v19i1.398
Egan, H., Keyte, R., McGowan, K., Peters, L., Lemon, N., Parsons, S., Meadows, S. Fardy, T., Singh, P., & Mantzios, M. (2019). ‘You Before Me’: A Qualitative Study of Health Care Professionals’ and Students’ Understanding and Experiences of Compassion in the Workplace, Self-compassion, Self-care and Health Behaviours. Health Professions Education, 5, 225-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2018.07.002
Ehman, A., & Gross, A. (2019). Sexual Cyberbullying: Review, Critique, & Future Directions. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 44, 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.11.001
Erreygers, S., Vandebosch, H., Vranjes, I., Baillien, E., & De Witte, H. (2018). The Interplay of Negative Experiences, Emotions and Affective Styles in Adolescents’ Cybervictimization: A Moderated Mediation Analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 81, 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.027
Etxebarria, I. (2008). Emociones sociales. En P. Palmero y F. Martínez (Coords.), Motivación y emoción (pp. 373-394). McGraw-Hill.
Friesem, Y. (2015). Empathy for Digital Age: Using Video Production to Enhance Social, Emotional, and Cognitive Skills. In S. Tettegah & D. Espelage (Eds.). Emotions, Technology, and Behaviors (pp. 21-45). Elsevier.
Garaigordobil, M., Martínez-Valderrey, V. y Machimbarrena, J. (2017). Intervención en el bullying y cyberbullying: Evaluación del caso Martín. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, 4(1), 25-32. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5789316
Giménez, A., Hunter, S., Durkin, K., Arnaiz, P., & Maquilón, J. (2015). The Emotional Impact of Cyberbullying: Differences in Perceptions and Experiences as a Function of Role. Computers & Education, 82, 228-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.013
Gómez-Ortiz, O., Romera, E., Ortega-Ruiz, R., & Del Rey, R. (2018). Parenting Practices as Risk or Preventive Factors for Adolescent Involvement in Cyberbullying: Contribution of Children and Parent Gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122664
Gül, H., Fırat, S., Sertçelik, M., Gül, A., Gürel, Y., & Kılıç, B. G. (2018). Cyberbullying among a Clinical Adolescent Sample in Turkey: Effects of Problematic Smartphone use, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Emotion Regulation Difficulties. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29(4), 547-557. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2018.1472923
Harley, D., Morgan, J., & Frith, H. (2018). Cyberpsychology as Everyday Digital Experience across the Lifespan. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Hearn, J., & Hall, M. (2019). ‘This is my Cheating Ex’: Gender and Sexuality in Revenge Porn. Sexualities, 22(5-6), 860-882. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460718779965
Herrera-López, M., Ortega-Ruíz, R. y Romera, E. (2017). Bullying y cyberbullying en Colombia; coocurrencia en adolescentes escolarizados. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 49, 163-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rlp.2016.08.001
Herrera-López, M., Romera, E. y Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2018). Bullying y cyberbullying en Latinoamérica. Un estudio bibliométrico. Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa, 23(76), 125-155. https://www.comie.org.mx/revista/v2018/rmie/index.php/nrmie/article/view/1142/1130
Ioannou, A., Blackburn, J., Stringhini, G., De Cristofaro, E., Kourtellis, N., & Sirivianos, M. (2018). From Risk Factors to Detection and Intervention: a Practical Proposal for Future Work on Cyberbullying. Behaviour & Information Technology, 37(3), 258–266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2018.1432688
Krendl, A., & Heatherton, T. (2017). Social Emotions: Imaging Social Emotions. Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.02489-5
Kyriacou, C., & Zuin, A. (2018). Cyberbullying Bystanders and Moral Engagement: a Psychosocial Analysis for Pastoral Care. Pastoral Care in Education, 36(2), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2018.1453857
Larrañaga, E., Navarro, R., y Yubero, S. (2018). Factores socio-cognitivos y emocionales en la agresión del cyberbullying. Comunicar, (56), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.3916/C56-2018-02
Linne, J., y Angilletta, M. (2016). Violencia en la red social: una indagación de expresiones online en adolescentes de sectores populares marginalizados del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Salud Colectiva, 12(2), 279-294. https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2016.741
Lucas-Molina, B., Pérez-Albéniz, A. y Giménez-Dasí, M. (2016). La evaluación del cyberbullying: situación actual y retos futuros. Papeles del Psicólogo, 37(1), 27-35. http://www.papelesdelpsicologo.es/pdf/2659.pdf
Machimbarrena, J. y Garaigordobil, M. (2018). Bullying y cyberbullying: diferencias en función del sexo en estudiantes de quinto y sexto curso de educación primaria. Suma Psicológica, 25(2), 102-112. https://doi.org/10.14349/sumapsi.2018.v25.n2.2
Marcum, C., & Higgins, G. (2019). Examining the Effectiveness of Academic Scholarship on the Fight Against Cyberbullying and Cyberstalking. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 44(4), 645-655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-019-09482-8
Marín-Cortés, A. (2020). Las fuentes digitales de la vergüenza. The Qualitative Report, 25(1), 166-180. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol25/iss1/11
Marín-Cortés, A. y Linne, J. (2020). Una revisión sobre emociones asociadas al ciberacoso en jóvenes adultos. Psicoperspectivas, 19(3), https://dx.doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivasvol19-issue3-fulltext-1824
Marín-Cortés, A., Franco-Bustamante, S., Betancur-Hoyos, E. y Vélez-Zapata, V. (2020). Miedo y tristeza en adolescentes espectadores de cyberbullying. Vulneración de la salud mental en la era digital. Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte, (61), 66-82. https://www.doi.org/10.35575/rvucn.n61a5
Marín-Cortés, A., Hoyos, O. y Pérez, A. (2019). Factores de riesgo y factores protectores relacionados con el ciberbullying entre adolescentes: una revisión sistemática. Papeles del Psicólogo, 40(2), 109-124. https://doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol2019.2899
Martínez-León, N., Peña, J., Salazar, H., García, A., & Sierra, J. (2017). A Systematic Review of Romantic Jealousy in Relationships. Terapia Psicológica, 35(2), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-48082017000200203
Mola, D., Reyna, C. y Godoy, J. C. (2017). Contenido experiencial y aspectos valorativos asociados a la envidia benigna y maligna en estudiantes universitarios de Córdoba, Argentina. Universitas Psychologica, 16(2) 1-12. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-2.ceav
Monge, V. (2015). La codificación en el método de investigación de la grounded theory o teoría fundamentada. Innovaciones Educativas, 17(22), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.22458/ie.v17i22.1100.
Moreno-Ruiz, D., Martínez-Ferrer, B., & García-Bacete, F. (2019). Parenting Styles, Cyberaggression, and Cybervictimization among Adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 93, 252-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.031
Moyano, N., Sánchez-Fuentes, M., Chiriboga, A., & Flórez-Donado, J. (2017). Factors Associated with Facebook Jealousy in three Spanish-Speaking Countries. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 32(3-4), 309-322. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2017.1397946
Nussbaum, M. (2014). Emociones políticas ¿Por qué el amor es importante para la justicia? Paidós.
Ojeda, M., Del Rey, R., & Hunter, S. (2019). Longitudinal Relationships between Sexting and Involvement in both Bullying and Cyberbullying. Journal of Adolescence, 77, 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.10.003
O’Malley, R., & Holt, K. (2020). Cyber Sextortion: An Exploratory Analysis of Different Perpetrators Engaging in a Similar Crime. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520909186
Quiceno, W. y Castro, É. R. (2018). Ciberlocuciones. Bullying y redes sociales entre jóvenes de educación media en Bogotá. Educación y Ciudad, (35), 159-168. https://doi.org/10.36737/01230425.v0.n35.2018.1971
Redondo, J., Luzardo-Briceño, M., García-Lizarazo, K. y Inglés, C. (2017). Impacto psicológico del cyberbullying en estudiantes universitarios: un estudio exploratorio. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales, 8(2), pp. 458-478. http://dx.doi.org/10.21501/22161201.2061
Rincón, A. y Ávila, W. (2014). Simbiosis vital para describir el ciberbullying en Colombia. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 12(14), 149-164.
Salgado, A. (2007). Investigación cualitativa: diseños, evaluación del rigor metodológico y retos. Liberabit, 13(13), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.21830/issn.1900-6586
Schettini, P. y Cortazzo, I. (2016). Técnicas y estrategias en la investigación cualitativa. Editorial de la Universidad de la Plata.
Sibilia, P. (2008). La intimidad como espectáculo. Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Sowa, P., Pędziński, B., Krzyżak, M., Maślach, D., Wójcik, S., & Szpak, A. (2015). The Computer-Assisted Web Interview Method as Used in the National Study of ICT Use in Primary Healthcare in Poland – Reflections on a Case Study. Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rethoric, 43(56), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1515/slgr-2015-0046
Stockdale, L. A., Coyne, S. M., & Padilla-Walker, L. M. (2018). Parent and Child Technoference and Socioemotional Behavioral Outcomes: A Nationally Representative Study of 10- to 20-year-Old adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 219-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.034
Stockdale, L., Coyne, S. Nelson, D., & Erikcson, D. (2015). Borderline Personality Disorder Features, Jealousy, and Cyberbullying in Adolescence. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 148-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.003
Strauss, A. y Corbin, J. (2002). Bases de la investigación cualitativa. Técnicas y procedimientos para desarrollar la teoría fundamentada. Contus.
Thomas, E., Cary, N., & Smith, L. (2018). The Role of Social Media in Shaping Solidarity and Compassion Fade: How the Death of a Child Turned Apathy into Action but Distress Took it Away. New Media & Society, 20(10), 3778-3798. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818760819
Thornberg, R., & Jungert, T. (2013). Bystander Behavior in Bullying Situations: Basic Moral Sensitivity, Moral Disengagement and Defender Self-efficacy. Journal of Adolescence, 36(3): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.02.003
Trompeter, N., Bussey, K., & Fitzpatrick, S. (2017). Cyber Victimization and Internalizing Difficulties: The Mediating Roles of Coping Self-Efficacy and Emotion Dysregulation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46(5), 1129-1139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0378-2
Utz, S., & Beukeboom, C. (2018). The Role of Social Network Sites in Romantic Relationships: Effects on Jealousy and Relationship Happiness. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 16(4), 511-527. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2011.01552.x
Williams, D., & Happé, F. (2010). Recognising “Social” and “Non-social” Emotions in Self and Others: A Study of Autism. Autism, 14(4), 285-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361309344849
Wilkinson, I. (2018). Compassion: Conflicted Social Feeling and the Calling to Care. Hviid- Jacobsen, M. (ed.), Emotions, Everyday Life and Sociology (pp. 56-70). Routledge.
Zysman, M. (2017). Cyberbullying. Cuando el maltrato viaja en las redes. Paidós.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
La revista y los textos individuales que en esta se divulgan están protegidos por las leyes de copyright y por los términos y condiciones de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-No Comercial-Sin Derivar 4.0 Internacional.
