Experience of the covid-19 phenomenon in the context of marital and parent-child relationships
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21501/22161201.4374Keywords:
Marital Conflicts, Anxiety, Parental Stress, School Activities, Rough Handling, PhenomenologyAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought major changes on family relationship worldwide and the mandatory isolations made the development of home schooling and work a must. Objective: To explain marital conflict based on anxiety, parental stress, rough handling of children and the accompaniment of parents in their children’s school activities during confinement by COVID-19. Method: Descriptive, explanatory, mixed study, through questionnaire and interview. The Study was carried out in a sample of 899 Colombian and Aruban people. Results: the variable that weighted the most in women in Colombia was parental stress. In men it was anxiety which makes a greater contribution to marital conflict, followed by parental stress. In Aruba, the only variable that contributed significantly was parental stress. In both countries, a positive correlation with anxiety, parental stress and rough treatment. However, a negative correlation was found with the accompaniment of the children’s school activities. Conclusions: The pandemic increased marital conflicts, due to anxiety, parental stress, which sometimes generated rough handling of children and the spouse.
Downloads
References
Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting stress index: proffesional manual. (3.a ed.). Psychological Assesment Resources.
Bergman, K. N., Cummings, E. M., & Warmuth, K. A. (2016). The benefits of marital conflict: Constructiveness and resolution as predictors of positive child outcomes. In D. Narvaez, J. M. Braungart-Rieker, L. E. Miller-Graff, L. T. Gettler and P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Context for young child flourish evolution, family, and society (pp. 233-245). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190237790.003.0012
Bañol, S., & Montoya, A. (2021). Experiencias traumáticas en la infancia durante el confinamiento por Covid-19. Una revisión documental [Traumatic experiences in childhood during the COVID-19 confinement. A documentary review]. Ciencia y Academia, (2), 20-36. https://doi.org/10.21501/2744838X.4260
Bolze, S., Crepaldi, B., Schmidt, M., & Vieira, M. (2013). Marital and Parental Conflicts in Families with Children: Characteristics and Resolution. Paidéia, 27(1), 457-465. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-432727s1201711
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N. & Rubin, G.J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Clark-Carter, D. (2002). Investigación cuantitativa en Psicología [Quantitave research in psychlogy]. Oxford University Press.
Colunga-Rodríguez, C., Ángel-González, M., Vázquez-Colunga J. C., Vázquez-Juárez, C. L., & Colunga-Rodríguez, B. A. (2021), Relación entre ansiedad y rendimiento académico en alumnado de secundaria [Relation between anxiety and academic performance in high school students]. Enfermería Universitaria, 17(4), 437- 448. https://doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2021.8.2.8457
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing among Five Approaches (4th ed). SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J.W. & Poth, C. N. (2003). Qualitative inquiry and research design: among five approaches. SAGE. https://bit.ly/3UB16p2
Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2011). Marital conflict and children: emotional security perspective. The Guilford Press.
Daneshfar, Z., Sadatmahalleh, S. J., Youseflu, S., Khomani, M. B., & Kazemnejad, A. (2021). Influential factors on quality of life in married Irian women during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: a path analysis. BMC Women Health. Edition; 21(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/12905-020-01114-2
De la Ossa, S., Martinez, Y., Herazo, E., & Campo, A. (2009). Estudio de la consistencia interna y estructura factorial de tres versiones de la escala de Zung para la ansiedad [Study of the internal consistency and factorial structure of three versions of Zung’s scale for anxiety]. Colombia Médica, 40(1), 71-77.
Directie Volksgezondheid (2020). Algemene regeling bestrijding COVID-19 LXVII [General regime of fight against COVID-19]. https://www.arubacovid19.org/_files/ugd/1a09f9_2bb22014631b4cecb33488bc5277758f.pdf
Espinoza-Tamez, P., Hernández, H., López-Guzmán, R., & Lozano-Esparza, S. (2018). Muestreo bola de nieve [Snowball sampling]. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Falkonier, M. K., Randall, A. K., & Bodenmann, G. (2016). Couples coping with stress: A crosscultural perspective. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781315644394
Ferro-Vidal, L. E., (2020). Asimetrías culturales: la comunidad en la cultura de pandemia [Cultural asymmetries: Community in the culture of the pandemic]. Revista Espacio Abierto, 29(4), 230-245. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/122/12265803017/12265803017.pdf
García-Muñoz, M., & Trujillo-Camacho, A. (2022). Niveles de ansiedad durante el confinamiento obligatorio por COVID-19, en estudiantes de una Universidad Estatal del Caribe colombiano [Anxiety levels during the COVID-19 mandatory confinement in students of a State University of the Colombian Caribbean]. Psicogente, 25(47), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.17081/psico.25.47.4421
Granjo, A. (2020). Los covidivorcios después del confinamiento por el COVID-19: Breve análisis de las causas y soluciones desde una visión constructiva [Covidivorces after COVID-19 confinement: Brief analysis of the causes and solutions from a constructive vision]. Revista Jurídica Valenciana, (35).70-92. https://www.revistajuridicavalenciana.org/wpcontent/uploads/0035_0006_05_-LOS-COVIDIVORCIOS-DESPUES-DEL-CONFINAMIENTO.pdf
Grych, J. H., Seid, M., & Fincham, F. D. (1992). Assessing marital conflict from the child’s perspective: the children’s perception of interparental conflict scale. Child Dev. 63(3), 558-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01646.x
Hameister, B. D. R., Barbosa, P. V., & Wagner, A. (2015). Conjugalidade e parentalidade: Uma revisão sistemática do efeito spillover [Marriage and paternity: A systematic review of the spillover effect]. Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, 67(2), 140-155. https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/150284
Hernández-Sampieri, R., Fernández-Collado, C., & Baptista-Lucio, P. (2014). Selección de la muestra [Sample selection]. In R. Hernández-Sampieri, C., Fernández-Collado, & P., Baptista-Lucio (2014). (pp. 207-238) Metodología de la Investigación. McGraw-Hill.
Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (March 27, 2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. Educause Review. https://bit.ly/3b0Nzx7
Idoiaga, N., Berasategi, N., Eiguren, A., & Picaza, M. (2020). Exploring children’s social and emotional representations of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers Psychology. 11(1952), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01952
Johnson, N., Veletsianos, G., & Seaman, J. (2020). U.S. Faculty and administrators experiences and approaches in the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Online Learning, 24(2), 6-21. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v24i2.2285
Jorquera-Gutiérrez, R., Morales-Robles, E., & ega-Álvarez, A. (2021). Salud mental y apoyo social en habitantes de Copiapó, Chile, en el contexto de la COVID-19 [Mental health and social support for the inhabitants of Copiapó, Chile, in the context of COVID-19]. Psicogente, 24(46), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.17081/psico.24.46.4308
Macías-Ruano, A. J. (2020). Reacción de la sociedad civil y el tercer sector en el abordaje de las pandemias [Reaction of the civil society and the third sector when addressing pandemics]. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 26(2), 16-20.https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rcs/article/view/32417/33845
Moreno-Mora, R., & Machado-Lubián, M. C. (2020). Formas de maltrato infantil que pudieran presentarse durante el confinamiento debido a la COVID-19 [Forms of child maltreatment that may occur during the COVID-19 confinement]. Revista Cubana de Pediatría, 92(1), 1-19. http://www.revpediatria.sld.cu/index.php/ped/article/view/1241
Neff, L. A., & Karney, B. R. (2004). How does context affect intimate relationships? Linking external stress and cognitive processes within marriage. Personality and Social Psychology, 30(2), 134-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167203255984
World Health Organization. (2020) WHO Director-general’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. https://www.who.int/es/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-sopening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—-11-march-2020
Orellana, I. C., & Orellana, L. M. (2019). Predictores de síntomas emocionales durante la cuarentena domiciliaria por pandemia de COVID-19 [Predictors of emotional symptoms during the home quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic]. Actualidades en psicología, 34(128), 103-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ap.v34i128.41431
RainesE. M., Viana A. G., Trent E. S., Conroy H. E., Woodward E. C., Zvolensky M. J., & Storch E. A. (2020). The explanatory role of anxiety sensitivity in the association between effortful control and child anxiety and depressive symptoms. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 49(6), 501-517. https//doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2020.1790644
Resolución No. 0000380 (10 de marzo de 2020), por la cual se adoptan medidas preventivas sanitarias en el país, por causa del coronavirus COVID-19 y se dictan otras disposiciones Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social [Resolution No. 0000380 (March 10, 2020), whereby preventive health measures are adopted in the country due to the COVID-19 and other provisions of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection are issued]. https://vlex.com.co/vid/resolucion-numero-0000380-2020-841226665
Reyes-Rojas, M., Mieles-Barrera, M. D., & Hernández-Vargas, B. A. (2021). Afrontamiento familiar y su relación con el bienestar infantil y familiar: estudio sobre familias en condición de vulnerabilidad [Family coping and its relationship with child and family well-being: A study on families in vulnerable conditions]. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales, 12(1), 50-75. https://doi.org/10.21501/22161201.3335
Rodríguez-Salazar, T., & Rodríguez-Morales, Z. (2020). Intimidad y relaciones de pareja durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 en Guadalajara [Intimacy and couple relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guadalajara]. Espiral, 27(78-79), 215-264. https://doi.org/10.32870/eees.v28i78-79.7206
Rodríguez-Domínguez, C., Carrascal-Caputto, B., & Durán, M. (2022). Anxiety and intimate relationships in times of lockdown due to COVID-19. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(2), 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001094
Rinaldi, C. M., & Howe, N. (2003). Perceptions of constructive and destructive conflict within and across family subsystems. Infant and child development, 12(5), 441-459. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.324
Sandín, B., Valiente, R. M., García-Escalera, J., & Chorot, P. (2020). Impacto psicológico de la pandemia de COVID-19: Efectos negativos y positivos en población española asociados al periodo de confinamiento nacional [The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Negative and positive effects on the Spanish population associated with the period of national confinement]. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.5944/rppc.27569
Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Pastore, M., & Fasolo, M. (2020). Parents’ stress and children’s psychological problems in families facing the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(1713), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713
Sprang, G., & Silman, M. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after healthrelated disasters. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 7(1), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.22
Straus, M. A., Gelles, R. J., & Steinmetz, S. K. (1980). Behind closed doors: Violence in the American family. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2020). La educación debe continuar durante la emergencia sanitaria, afirman UNESCO y UNICEF [Education must continue during the health emergency, state UNESCO and UNICEF]. https://es.unesco.org/news/la-educacion-debe-continuar-durante-la-emergencia-sanitaria-UNESCO-UNICEF
United Nations Children’s Fund. 2021). Niñas y niños menores de 6 años en la pandemia [Children under 6 years old during the pandemic]. https://www.unicef.org/mexico/ni%C3%B1as-yni%C3%B1os-menores-de-6-a%C3%B1os-en-la-pandemia
Vélez-Álvarez, C., Sánchez-Palacio, N., & Betancurth-Loaiza, D. P. (2020). Cuarentena por COVID-19 en un profesional de la salud: dimensión psicológica, social y familiar [Quarantine due to COVID-19 in a healthcare professional: Pychological, social, and familial dimensions]. Revista Salud Pública, 22(2), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v22n2.86663
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., & Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 95(10228),45-947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X
Williamson, H. C. (2020). Early Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Relationship Satisfaction and Attributions. Psychological Science, 31(12), 1479-1487. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620972688
Zung, W. W. (1971). A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation and Liaison Psychiatry, 12(6), 371-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(71)71479-0
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
La revista y los textos individuales que en esta se divulgan están protegidos por las leyes de copyright y por los términos y condiciones de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-No Comercial-Sin Derivar 4.0 Internacional.
