Influencia de los Factores Psicosociales de Contexto en la Conducta Delictiva de los Menores Infractores del Centro de Formación Juvenil de los Patios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21501/23394536.2329Keywords:
Conducta delictiva, adolescente, responsabilidad penal, factor psicosocial, responsabilidad adolescente, criminal behavior, teenager, criminal responsibility, psychosocial factor, adolescent responsibilityAbstract
La investigación tiene como objetivo describir los factores psicosociales de contexto (familia, escuela y entorno), por medio de técnicas de tipo cualitativo, que identifiquen los factores influyentes en la conducta delictiva de los menores infractores de edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 18 años del Centro de Formación Juvenil de los Patios, ubicado en Norte de Santander, Colombia. Se realizó bajo el enfoque cualitativo de corte trasversal-descriptivo, con una muestra de ocho (8) jóvenes infractores, escogidos al azar por conveniencia, por medio del tipo de muestreo intencional. Con cinco (5) de los ocho (8) participantes se aplicó un grupo focal; y con los restantes, entrevistas a profundidad; ambos instrumentos permitieron identificar como factores constantes y determinantes de la conducta delictiva de los menores los siguientes: I. En la categoría de familia, los asociados a la condición socioeconómica, representados en los bajos recursos económicos y necesidades básicas no resueltas; II. En lo relacionado con el contexto de escuela: la violencia escolar y el poco interés por el ambiente académico; y III. En la categoría de entorno, se identificó como factor influyente la relación con grupo de pares con conductas infractoras y el consumo de SPA, además de encontrar como reforzador del medio, la percepción del poder (adquisitivo y de autoridad).
This research intends to describe, through qualitative techniques, the contextual psychosocial factors (family, school and environment) that allow the identification of influential factors in the criminal behavior of underage offenders between 14 and 18 years old in the Centro de Formación Juvenil de los Patios in Norte de Santander, Colombia. The study was developed under the qualitative approach, with a descriptive transversal method, with a sample of eight underage offenders chosen randomly through an intentional sampling. A focus group was performed with five of the eight participants, while the other three were interviewed in depth. Both techniques allowed to identify as constant and determining factors on the minors’ criminal behavior the following: I. In the family category, the ones associated to the socio-economic condition, represented in low income and unsolved basic needs; II. Regarding the school context; the school violence and low interest on the academic environment, and III. In the category of environment, the relation to peers with criminal behaviors and the use of SPA were identified as influential factors. The perception of power (for acquisition and authority) was also found as an environmental reinforcement
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References
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De la Peña, M. (2005). Conducta antisocial en adolescentes: factores de riesgo y de protección. Memoria para optar al grado de doctor. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico.
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